Types of ADHD Medications
Medications for ADHD can ease symptoms by helping neurons pass messages more efficiently. Some types of medications boost neurotransmitters, while others can slow down reuptake.
Stimulants
Amphétamines, also known as methylphenidates, are the most commonly used stimulants for ADHD. They can start working within 20 minutes and last up to four hours. They are available in pill form patches, liquid, or pill form.
Stimulants
Stimulants are the most common type of prescription drugs that healthcare professionals utilize to treat ADHD. They function by increasing the levels of certain chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. These neurotransmitters help people focus, think and control their emotions. When people with ADHD use stimulant medication, they often find that their symptoms are less severe. It may take some time for the doctor to find the appropriate dosage and medication for each person.
Stimulant medications may be taken in liquid or pill form. Typically, they are taken twice or once daily. Some are immediate-release, which means they start to work immediately. Some are extended-release, and are able to work for a longer period. The majority of stimulants prescribed by doctors for ADHD belong to the methylphenidate group. Adderall is the most commonly prescribed methylphenidate. Other brand names include Concerta Ritalin Focalin.
Amphetamines are also sometimes used to treat ADHD, but they have more of an amplifying effect than methylphenidates. In the past, these substances were used by truck drivers, students and athletes for their ability to keep them awake and alert. Amphetamines can also reduce appetite and increase the heart rate and blood pressure. Certain doctors will only prescribe this type of medication to children with severe symptoms that do not respond to other treatments.
Atomoxetine is a different medication that has been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. It works by preventing the reuptake of the chemical noradrenaline, which helps pass messages between neurons. Atomoxetine is typically prescribed to teenagers, adults and children over five years of age when it's not possible to use methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine. It's available in tablets that are immediate-release or a controlled-release capsule taken once or twice per day.
Side effects of stimulant medications could include stomach upset and heart rate fluctuations or blood pressure, and tics. Tics are sudden, repetitive actions or sounds like eye blinking or clearing the throat. The majority of people who use stimulants do not develop tics, but some children and teens who take them experience them. Other side effects of stimulants include headaches, a decrease in appetite and sleep problems.
The medication is only one element of the treatment program for ADHD. Other treatments include psychotherapy or behavior therapy, training for skills, and lifestyle changes. These treatments can be combined with medication to maximize the benefits for ADHD patients.
Treatment for ADHD continues throughout adulthood. As people age, many of them still need medication, behavioral therapy or skill-building.
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The FDA recommends that healthcare professionals carefully monitor patients while they are taking ADHD medication to ensure that the proper dosage is being taken and that it is having an impact positive on the individual's symptoms. Regular doctor's appointments are necessary to check for adverse reactions or other health issues. During these visits the doctor will also inquire about any other medications the patient is taking--both prescription and non-prescription, such as supplements, over-the counter drugs and herbal remedies.