ADHD Medications For Adults
Stimulants are the most frequently used ADHD medications for adults. Short-acting stimulants are preferred over long-acting stimulants such as the methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine.
Atomoxetine is often prescribed if patients are unable to take methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. It increases the amount of noradrenaline that is present in brain cells, which aids with concentration and controlling impulse-driven behavior.
Stimulants
Stimulants are one of the most popular medicines for adults with ADHD. They improve focus, decrease anxiety and control impulsive behaviors. They work by boosting and balancing levels of chemical in the brain called neurotransmitters. The first-choice stimulants are amphetamines and methylphenidate. They are available in liquid, tablet or chewable forms. Short-acting stimulants begin to work within 30 to 45 minutes and last about three hours. Intermediate-release pills last between six and eight hours. Long-acting capsules and tablets consumed daily, last up to 16 hours.
Stimulation can cause adverse effects such as trouble sleeping (a racing mind), jitters, headaches and stomach upset. It may also increase blood pressure or heart rate which can be risky when you suffer from heart issues.
Adults suffering from ADHD can find relief from other medications and therapies which address their specific needs. These include nonstimulants as well as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
Nonstimulant medicines work differently than stimulants for those suffering from ADHD. It can take longer to start working, but it is generally well-accepted. Healthcare providers often pair it with stimulants to enhance the effects and minimize adverse effects.
The main nonstimulant medicines for adults with ADHD are norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors or alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. These medications increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which help improve attention and control of impulsive behaviors. These drugs are not as effective as stimulants, and they may be slower to take effect. However, for some individuals, they may be more effective.
Many people with ADHD find that lifestyle changes can ease their symptoms, such as having enough sleep and sticking to the same routine. A healthy diet can also be beneficial. People suffering from ADHD must follow a balanced diet, and avoid foods that are high in fats, sugars, or artificial ingredients.
Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for adults with ADHD, as it can teach them skills to manage their behavior and cope with anger and stress. Individual talk therapy can also aid in addressing emotional issues that might contribute to impulsive and self-destructive behavior such as low self-esteem, or feelings of shame or embarrassment arising from previous failures at school or work.
Families and couples can benefit from therapy for ADHD. It can teach them techniques to improve their communication and problem-solving and also address problems in relationships that may cause the disorder.
People who suffer from both ADHD and anxiety can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can help to change negative thinking patterns and enhance social skills. This type of therapy is available in person with a therapist but it can also be provided online through video chat applications like Skype.
Other treatments that some patients with ADHD employ to manage their condition include dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10, as well as the removal of certain foods from their diets. However, these strategies aren't supported by scientific research and should not be used without medical advice. Also, removing managing adhd without medication can be harmful to your health, especially if you're deficient in some nutrients. It is best to treat ADHD and anxiety simultaneously for those with both conditions.